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25 Years of Food Policy Research: Reflections by Per Pinstrup-Anderson AgEcon
Pinstrup-Andersen, Per.
On the occasion of IFPRI's 25th anniversary, the author has selected a few subjects where the Institute has made an important and recognized contribution to food policy research, either by itself or, more frequently, with others. In each case the topic has broad application and the research includes innovative conclusions or methodology. This has necessarily meant looking more to the past than the present, although in many cases the work is continuing and promises a good deal more, in addition to what has already been achieved. He addresses IFPRI's accomplishments and the influence it has had on the development community’s views on policy issues and the nature of development in general. These areas are discussed: Global Food Trends, Food Subsidies, Markets...
Tipo: Book Palavras-chave: International Food Policy Research Institute -- History; Environmental policies; Globalization Food security; Subsidies; Trade; Food policies; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42888
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A future for marine fisheries in Europe (Manifesto of the Association Francaise d'Halieumetrie) ArchiMer
Gascuel, D.; Bez, Nicolas; Forest, Andre; Guillotreau, P.; Laloe, F.; Lobry, Jeremy; Mahevas, Stephanie; Mesnil, Benoit; Rivot, Etienne; Rochette, S.; Trenkel, Verena.
We, members of the Association Francaise d'Halieumetrie, share the conviction that European fisheries have a future. It is time to get off the wrong track. Radical change is required to embark on the path of sustainable development and truly implement the ecosystem approach to fisheries. Today, high fishing pressure is deployed to catch a rare resource, which in return is responsible for the rarity. We must reverse the situation: an abundant resource that affords high catches applying moderate fishing pressure. All management tools and especially all actors must be mobilized. The transition is not simple, and European solidarity must accompany the changes. It is well worth the effort. By reducing fishing pressure, it will be possible in the medium term to...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Access regulation; Ecosystem approach to fisheries; European Common Fishery Policy; ITQ; MPA; MSY; Management plan; Overcapacity; Subsidies.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00035/14598/11947.pdf
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A MAGYAR ÖKOTERMELÉS ÁTTEKINTÉSE AgEcon
Gyarmati, Gabor.
A hazai ökológiai gazdálkodás növekedési pályára állt az ezredforduló táján, de 2004-től a vállalkozások számának és az ökológiai művelés alá vont területek nagyságának növekedési mértéke csökkent, majd visszaesés következett be. Az ökológiai termelést végző vállalkozások nagy része jó adottságokkal rendelkező nagygazdaság, amelyek párhuzamos termelést folytatnak, és olyan elkötelezett kisvállalkozás, amelyek gazdasági súlya nem jelentős. Egyes rossz adottságú gazdaságok földjeiket átállítják ökológiai státuszra, a támogatás végett. A műve-lési ágak között nagyobb a gyep (rét, legelő, 53,6%) és alacsonyabb a szántó (26,4%) aránya. A gyepterületek könnyen átminősíthetők ökológiai területté, vi-szont gazdasági értékük nem jelentős. A vetésszerkezetben a...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Ökológiai gazdálkodás; Támogatás; Hazai-és xportpiac; Subsidies; Domestic and export market; Organic farming; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57645
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A MARHAHIZLALÁS GAZDASÁGOSSÁGÁNAK VIZSGÁLATA EGY SOMOGY MEGYEI VÁLLALKOZÁSBAN AgEcon
Csonka, Arnold; Kemeny, Gabor.
Az anyatehén állomány fajtaátalakítására irányuló döntés két évjáraton elvégzett mérések tapasztalata alapján a hizlalási tevékenység szempontjából is indokoltnak bizonyult. A takarmányozás költségeinek elemzése alapján leszögezhetjük, hogy a marhahizlalásban nem engedhető meg a gyenge minőségű, irreálisan alacsony hozamú és ezáltal rendkívül drága tömegtakarmány etetése. Igaz ez akkor is, ha a magas önköltség elismerése által hozzájárul más ágazatok eredményéhez. Ezt a speciális természeti adottságú termőterület sem indokolja, hiszen megfelelő technológiával és odafigyeléssel a gyenge termőképességű táblákon is meg tudták duplázni a hozamot. A nyereséges termelés alapvető feltétele a tudatos, szakszerű tömegtakarmány-termesztés. A tevékenység eredményének...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Takarmányozási költség csökkentés; Támogatás; Szezonális értékesítés - costs of breeding; Subsidies; Sezonal sale; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54311
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A Microeconomic Model for Subsidies Allocation: the Case of Belarus AgEcon
Svetlov, Nikolai M.; Kazakevich, Iryna A..
The paper develops a microeconomic methodological framework that allows approaching subsidy allocation across the types of assets and impact of subsidies on agricultural outputs and profits. The methodology is based on a non-parametric production frontier estimation. The empirical application is made to 1084 Belarusian corporate farms. The results suggest targeting governmental support at grain and milk production. In this case, 4.14 trillion Belarusian roubles of subsidies increase the overall profit of the sample farms by 1.46 trillion. In the case of targeting, the farms with higher overall efficiency are more sensitive to the support and are able to absorb larger amount of subsidies. The opposite is true in the absence of targeting.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Microeconomic model; Data envelopment; Subsidies; Belarus; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; K18; C61.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90826
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A műszaki fejlesztési környezet néhány meghatározó eleme az Európai Unió mezőgazdaságában AgEcon
Baranyai, Zsolt.
A vizsgálat eredményei rámutattak arra, hogy az EU-országok üzemei meglehetősen heterogének a műszaki fejlesztés feltételrendszerét illetően, amely magában foglalja az üzemi koncentráció mértékét, a műszaki fejlesztés színvonalát, a rendelkezésre álló pénzügyi forrásokon (fedezeti összeg és támogatás) keresztül megjelenő fejlesztési potenciált és a fejlesztésekben lekötött tőke hatékonyságát is. Magyarország helyzetét értékelve, sajnálatos módon kedvezőtlen tendenciák mutathatók ki, hasonlóan a legtöbb 2004-ben csatlakozott országhoz. A fennálló problémák megoldását az ágazat racionális fejlesztése jelenti, melyben a tőkehatékonysági szempon¬tok kiemelt szerepet kapnak. A tőkehatékonyság javulását eredményezheti a kon¬centráció, ami bekövetkezhet egyrészt...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Jövedelmezőség; Műszaki fejlesztés; Támogatás; Tőkehatékonyság; Versenyképesség; Profitability; Technical development; Subsidies; Capital efficiency; Competitiveness; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92498
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Accommodating Imperfect Competition in A Model of World Peanut Trade AgEcon
Fletcher, Stanley M.; Nadolnyak, Denis A..
In this paper, we make an attempt to rationalize the strategic behavior of major peanut exporting and importing countries in the framework of imperfectly competitive markets with the focus on the global and inter-American peanut trade. This study is motivated by the fact that liberalizing imperfectly competitive and often distorted markets can have unorthodox effects, in particular increase the incentives to overuse certain trade policies. The results suggest that the South American peanut producers stand to benefit from the reductions in the U.S. peanut production supports but, paradoxically, preservation of a tariff may still be mutually welfare enhancing. In the broader context of global peanut trade, multi-lateral tariff reduction increases the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Trade; Peanuts; Strategic behavior; Tariffs; TRQs; Subsidies; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19460
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AGRARIAN BUDGET AS AN INSTRUMENT OF AGRARIAN DEVELOPMENT POLICY OF SERBIA AgEcon
Kardovic, Danko.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation Palavras-chave: Agricultural budget; Agricultural policy; Subsidies; Premiums; Support; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53581
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Agricultural subsidies in the United States and their effect on two annual Chilean crops: corn and wheat Rev. Econ. Sociol. Rural
Osorio,José Díaz; Rojas,Roberto Jara.
The development strategies for Chile have been oriented toward a greater commercial openness. Chile and the United States signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) that has triggered controversies between producers directed to the internal market due to the production and export subsidies that this country carries out. This study analyzed the effect of subsidies granted by the United States to wheat (Tritricum aestivum) and corn (Zea mays) growers (Farm Bill 2002). For the study, Technical Standard sheet were drawn up, from which were determined the direct production costs and the gross margins. The variables used (market prices, subsidies, freight costs and tariffs) and determining the average variable costs allowed us to do a sensitivity analysis, thus...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Subsidies; Protectionism; Traditional Crops; Free Trade Agreement; Competitiveness.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-20032006000300005
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An Empirical Analysis of the Social and Ecological Outcomes of State Subsidies for Small-Scale Fisheries: A Case Study from Chile Ecology and Society
Cundill, Georgina; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA); georgina.cundill@gmail.com; Tapia, Carlos; Universidad de La Serena; ctjopia@yahoo.es.
Small-scale fisheries, which are often associated with low levels of income and poor infrastructure, receive substantial funding from governmental institutions worldwide. Very few empirical studies have explored the outcomes of these investments for people and ecosystems. This paper presents the findings of a study aimed at assessing the social and ecological outcomes of government subsidies for small-scale fisheries through an analysis of 32 fishing villages, referred to as caletas, in Chile over a 12-year period. Findings suggest that the funding appears to be higher for those caletas with the highest value landings and is unrelated to socioeconomic need or poverty; that caletas in rural areas receive less investment than their urban counterparts; that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Chile; Small-scale fisheries; Subsidies.
Ano: 2011
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An Overview of the Issues and Positions of the Major Countries in the WTO Negotiations AgEcon
Miner, William M..
Negotiations on agriculture were successfully launched in the WTO early in 2000. In the initial phase, negotiating proposals have been submitted by member countries and are being discussed in special sessions of the WTO Committee on Agriculture. A stock-taking exercise will be held in March 2001 to establish the next steps in the process. Many developments will influence the shape and dynamics of the negotiations, particularly the possibility of a comprehensive trade round. The first part of this paper examines the policy setting for the negotiations. The ongoing integration of economies and accompanying agricultural policy reforms provide an environment for further trade liberalization. Expansion of regional trade agreements and EU enlargement...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural negotiations; Peace clause; Non-trade concerns; Subsidies; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23854
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Az Európai Unió agrárérdekei AgEcon
Udovecz, Gabor.
Az EU tagállamai mindenben különböznek, de azonosak a közösséghez való tartozásban. Az eltérő adottságok, fejlettségi szint, hagyományok, értékek és érdekek közös nevezőre hozása kompromisszumok révén valósul meg. A közelmúltban azonban olyan újabb változások jelentek meg az EU-ban, melyek az agrárszférát, annak érdekeit és megoldásait gyökeresen átrendezhetik. - The EU member states have nothing in common except that they all belong to the community. The reconciliation of diverse conditions, stages of development, traditions, values and interests takes place via compromise. Recently, however, new changes have appeared within the EU, which could fundamentally alter the agricultural sector and its interests and solutions....
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: EU; Tagállamok különbözőségei; Támogatások; Eredményesség; Változások; EU; Member states’ diversity; Subsidies; Success; Changes; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57732
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Az öntözéses gazdálkodásról a Tisza-tó és a nagykunsági öntözőrendszert ellátó főcsatorna átadásának 30. évfordulóján AgEcon
Lengyel, Lajos.
Az öntözés mint agrotechnikai tényező a mezőgazdasági termelés intenzifi kálásának egyik eszköze és lehetősége. Bevezetése többletberuházással, nagyobb ráfordításokkal oldható meg. Öntözéssel a természetes csapadékellátás ingadozásai csökkenthetők, a termelés biztonsága és a hozamok növelhetők. Alkalmazását az üzemi feltételek és célok mellett makrogazdasági és klimatikus hatások is indokolják. Az elmúlt fél évszázad hazai öntözésfejlesztésében a Tiszalöki, a Kiskörei Vízlépcső és Öntözőrendszerei tervezése, kivitelezése és működtetése napjainkban is sok hasznosítható tanulsággal és tapasztalattal szolgál, mint például a komplex szemléletű térségi, üzemi vízgazdálkodás és öntözésfejlesztés, az állami beavatkozás a tervek összehangolásától az üzemi...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Öntözéses gazdálkodás; Öntözésfejlesztés; Klímaváltozás; Komplex szemlélet; Támogatások; Irrigation; Irrigated farming; Development of irrigation; Climate change; Holistic view; Subsidies; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58604
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BILATERAL TRADE OF DURUM WHEAT AND BARLEY UNDER CUSTA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FARM PRICE AND INCOME AgEcon
Koo, Won W..
The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of Canadian exports of durum wheat and barley to the United States on the U.S. domestic prices of these two commodities and farm income in durum wheat and barley growing regions in the United States. Major factors affecting trade flows of agricultural commodities between the United States and Canada are the U.S. export enhancement program, the elimination of Canadian rail subsidies, marketing power of the Canadian Wheat Board, differences in macroeconomic conditions, and differences in resource endowments. They have influenced Canadian exports positively and resulted in major increases in Canadian exports of agricultural commodities to the United States. The increased Canadian exports reduce domestic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Bilateral Trade; Farm Income; Subsidies; Resource Endowments; Durum Wheat; Barley; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23415
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Bioeconomic model of the dynamics of fisheries facing global economic and environment changes: the French Guyana shrimp fishery ArchiMer
Chaboud, Christian; Thebaud, Olivier.
In the past two decades, the French Guyana shrimp fishery has known dramatic evolutions, largely driven by global changes. On the economic side, two major driving factors are the globalization of the shrimp market, with a decreasing trend in real prices, an d the long-term increase in fuel prices worldwide. On the environmental side, recruitment of the two main species of shrimp targeted in the fishery seems to have decreased over the last decade. This decrease is probably related to hydroclimatic modifications linked to global change. It is important to assess the adaptive capacity of the fishery facing such changes, as well as the relevance of past and future public policies to improve this capacity. A key component of this adaptive capacity is the way...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modeling; Fishery management; Subsidies; Shrimp; French Guyana.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00243/35473/33988.pdf
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Chinese Tariff Rate Quota v.s. U.S. Subsidies: What Affects the World Cotton Market More? AgEcon
Pan, Suwen; Welch, Mark; Mohanty, Samarendu; Fadiga, Mohamadou L.; Ethridge, Don E..
Paper replaced with new version 8/17/05
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cotton; International trade; Subsidies; TRQ; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19111
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Commercialization of sorghum milling in Botswana: trends and prospects Open Agri
D..
Palavras-chave: Sorghum; Husking; Grain; Retail marketing; Cereals; Marketing boards; Markets; Prices; Maize; Subsidies.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/4221
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Converting to organic farming in France: Is there a selection problem? AgEcon
Latruffe, Laure; Nauges, Celine.
Using a sample of French crop farms during the 1999-2006 period, we test whether less technically efficient farmers are more likely to engage in organic farming in order to benefit from conversion subsidies. Despite some limitations in our data, we find no evidence of such selection effect. On the contrary, our estimation results indicate that more technically efficient farmers are more likely to convert to organic farming. This finding is found to be robust to the method of calculation of efficiency scores, either parametric or non-parametric. This study also confirms that farm’s characteristics (education, farm size and legal status) and farmers’ practices under conventional farming do impact the probability of conversion to OF.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Technical efficiency; Subsidies; Selection; France; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109386
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Developments in the Agricultural and Rural Capital Market of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia AgEcon
Angelova, Biljana; Bojnec, Stefan.
Factor Markets Coordination: Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), Brussels, Belgium
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Capital market; Farm income; Subsidies; Loans; Agricultural and rural development; Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117490
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Do subsidies drive technical efficiency? The case of portuguese firms in the agribusiness sector Rev. Econ. Sociol. Rural
Salustiano,Silvia Ferreira Marques; Barbosa,Natália; Moreira,Tito Belchior Silva.
Abstract: Successive reforms in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), enlargements of the European Union (EU) and pressures in the public budget increase the need for empirical studies to assess the role of subsidies in shaping firms’ performance and, hence, to support policy-makers decisions and decision-making in the productive sector. This paper assesses whether subsidies affect the technical efficiency of 1,943 Portuguese agribusiness firms over 2007-2015. By applying stochastic frontier models and fixed-effects models, to calculate the average efficiency of these firms, the results show different effects of subsidies among agribusiness sectors. The stochastic frontier model revealed that the subsidies have a positive and significant impact on the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Stochastic frontier; Efficiency; Subsidies.
Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-20032020000300212
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